23rd march.
6am.
It was 6am when i opened my eyes. Everyone was sleeping in our room. Except ananth. Ananth was watching tv. He was watching some hindi channel. I and ananth have one thing in common. We both like old hindi songs. Then Karthik got up. He was surprised to see me awake. Because he knew that i was playing till late night. Uttam and prem were still sleeping. I disturbed their sleep. Then i went to the other room. Vishwa and kiran were still sleeping.
Everyone had their bath and we went to have our breakfast. Abdul got a new name. #halalcut.
We began our journey. We went to Periyar park. Paid a heavy entrance fee. On the way we saw some deers. We thought it was a dense jungle and were surprised to see people cycling there. Then we reached a place where few vehicles were parked. There was a big tortoise shaped shop. I thought it was going to be a safari like thing. But the driver told to get down. Seriouly i was scared to get down. I thought the animals might attack us.:). After all What's there in watching animals, We've watched lot of animals:-) Then i guessed that we had to go on van or so (to safari).
When we got down, there were no animals other than monkeys. Everyone adviced me to be careful of monkeys because few monkeys had attacked me couple of days back.:) We started walking. We were feeling like we were lost-in-jungle. Didn't know what to do there. Photo session was going on. Then we came to know that this was not the jungle where the animals were. We had go on boat to watch the animals. And animal watching would begin from 11.30am. We did not want to waste our time. We decided to go back. While walking back we saw a big log there. Seriouly it was very big log. Mostly trunk of a tree which was over 100years old. Vishwa and ranjini went and sat on it first. And Then everyone sat. Girish and maheshwari captured the photos. We were looking like a toy train.:).
Then one of thie guide there told about elephant park nearby. We decided to go there. We had to pay Rs.250/head for an elephant ride. I thought it was foolishness to pay 250bucks for an elephant ride. I stayed in the bus. Karthik, scary, abdul, ananth, maheshwari and vijayalakshmi also decided not to go. We were listening songs and chatting in the bus. Abdul and scary went on a walk. There were a few coffee plants nearby. I and vijayalakshmi went there. For the first time i'd seen coffee seeds:-). Everyone got down and we went to see what was going on in the elephant park. As soon as we neared the entrance of the park we heard sound of elephants coming near us. I just turned to my right, it was a big elephant. Just 10m away from me. First i got scared. Then i saw a mahout next to it. And kiran, pooja and girish were sitting on it.. They were on an elephant ride. Another elephant followed it. It was carrying prem, uttam and menaka. We took few snaps with the elephants.
We then decided to go to the spice garden. Heard that there was a tree house in that garden. We wanted to see it. The owner of the garden was our guide's friend. So paid the entrance fee and entered the garden. An old man joined us. He started explaining about those plants and garden in english. After 5mins i realized that he was the garden guide. He was irritating us. He had characters of lecturers RR sir and Earesh in him. In short he had an art-of-boring-people. We were eager to see the tree house. I was guessing that treehouse would look like tarzan/mougly's home. Then he should something made of 10-15k wooden slabs joined between 4 trees, and told us that it was a treehouse. Everyone was frustrated. I was feeling like hitting him.:). He showed rubber tree and some medicinal herbs. Slowly everyone started running away from him. We wanted to get out of the garden as early as we could. Then we saw a black myna there. Kiran sat next to it and started imitating its sound.:)
.
Next we were in a big confusion. As planned we had to go to Waynad. But everyone wanted to go to beach. We didn't know which beach was nearest. Our driver suggested to calicut beach. So we began our journey to calicut. Everyone wanted to see calicut beach, but i wanted to see calicut. Our plan was to reach calicut by 6pm and to play in the beach for a while and leave to waynad. I knew that calicut was far from kumily. And we were not going to reach there on time. But i stayed quiet because i didn't want to upset them. We started playing in the bus. This time we decided to play truth-or-dare. It was great fun. All those who chose 'dare' entertained a lot. Even i chose 'dare'. First ranjini told me to act like kannada hero kashinath. I did it. And then kala told me to do a mono acting. And the concept was that i was proposing Reddy sir's daughter. Did that too.
Cntd.
Saturday, 3 July 2010
Thursday, 1 July 2010
My experience of kerala trip 3 (yet to add pics)
I'm continuing this story after a year and a half. All is well. Except 'scary'/sharath. He passed away on 25th november 2009. May his soul rest in peace. We miss you scary.
Cntd.
22 March.
5:00 am
It was 5am when i got up. Both Scary and Karthik were sleeping. It was very dark outside. So i didn't go out. When i went out it was 6am. It was chilling outside. I was amazed to see tea estate all around. Everything around was green. It gave me a i-am-in-heaven experience. Girish was standing on the next building and was capturing some snaps. I went to the terrace top to watch the sunrise. Chandan joined me there. Girish took our titanic-styled-photo. And we called it dostana-titanic. Everyone was standing on the balcony, waiting for the sunrise. But Kiran was still sleeping. Everyone(except kiran) started to scream when the sun started to rise. And the tea estate was looking even more beautiful.
After watching sunrise i got a shocking news. The news was that there was no hot water. So we had to bath in cold chilling water. Believe me, the water was as cold as fridge water. Kiran was still sleeping. So i jumped on him and woke him (even a dead body will come alive if jump on it). I then had a cup of coffee and joined pandey, uttam and ananth who were downstairs. Then took my luggage and kept it in the bus as soon as possible. Because i wanted the window seat.:-).
We began our journey from there and were nearing Munnar. There was a power generation plant which was similar to the one i saw in film Swades. Then we reached Munnar. Had our breakfast there. I had AalooParota. We took some snaps there and continued our journey.
No one among us had been to Munnar before. So we decided to hire a a guide. He stopped our bus near a tea estate to take snaps. Few tried to go to tea estate. But The guide promised us to take us to another tea estate and took us to a dam. It was a beautiful place. Speed boating was going on in the reservoir. So my friends decided to join them. I'd promised my dad that i-wouldn't-step-into-water. So i didn't join them and stayed in the bus. Karthik, pandey and Scary also stayed with me in the bus. Karthik purchased some gifts and i purchased carrots. Took couple of snaps holding bunches of carrots. After few minutes friends who had been to boating returned. They saw carrot in my hand. And everyone purchased it. We took funny snaps holding carrot leaves.
From there we went to echopoint. Nothing special in that place. Just we could hear the echo. But we made that place special. We were teasing abdul saying that if we scream his name, we would get x8 echos. I was screaming very loudly. We were screaming yentu, kuruma, kg, and we were getting good echo. Then everyone screamed MLA. Guess wat, the echo sounded M.A.(emme means buffalo in kannada). Some purchased chocolates. Menaka and Abdul gave me chocolates.
We went to another small dam before going to TopStation. As soon as we reached Topstation, i received an sms from vodafone. Saying Welcome-to-vodafone-tamilnadu. Then i asked the guide, he said that TopPoint belonged to Tamilnadu. From Toppoint we had to walk to reach the viewpoint. Guess what? We had to say Rs.15 to go there. Means Rs.15 to walk.:). We had to walk downwards for a kilometer or so. It was a beautiful place there. Nice cool breeze and mountains all around. In fact they were tea estate which belonged to TATA. The worst part began when we started to return. We had to step upwards. I and pandey reached early. Vishwa, kiran, ranjini, jayanti and kusuma were way back. I was sweating badly. It was cloudy. We reached our bus before it started raining. As promised earlier guide took us to a tea estate. Had not been to tea estate before. Took few snaps there. And returned to Munnar town. It was 5pm by then and everyone had their lunch. Ya.. Lunch @ 5:-). Then we left to Thekady. I was sitting next to Maheshwari. Was suprised to see that she had maintained a tour diary. She was noting some things. The road was very bad. But when began our anthakshari and dumbshrards, we didn't realise about bad roads. vinuta didn't join us. So she might be knowing about that bad road. Pooja was always a helpline. She wouldn't join any team. because if there's Lay's wafers pack in her hand she's out of the world.:-) We were tired. So everyone was silent. Kiran couldn't sit quiet so he took an empty bottle and threw on kusuma. And kusuma threw it back on him. And they began playing with empty bottles.:). By the time we reached kumily it was 10.30pm and we were 4km away from Thekady. Many wanted to have non-veg. So we went to a Halalcut non-veg hotel.:) all the items were made of coconut oil. So it was tasting different. Girish&co. stayed on fruits that day. By the time we had our food Girish had booked a lodge nearby. We continued our dumbshrards. And played till 1.30am. (Abdul showing mrugalaya entertained all). Everyone was tired and we decided to call it a day.. So it was end of day3 of our trip. One of the Most beautiful days of my life.
Cntd.
22 March.
5:00 am
It was 5am when i got up. Both Scary and Karthik were sleeping. It was very dark outside. So i didn't go out. When i went out it was 6am. It was chilling outside. I was amazed to see tea estate all around. Everything around was green. It gave me a i-am-in-heaven experience. Girish was standing on the next building and was capturing some snaps. I went to the terrace top to watch the sunrise. Chandan joined me there. Girish took our titanic-styled-photo. And we called it dostana-titanic. Everyone was standing on the balcony, waiting for the sunrise. But Kiran was still sleeping. Everyone(except kiran) started to scream when the sun started to rise. And the tea estate was looking even more beautiful.
After watching sunrise i got a shocking news. The news was that there was no hot water. So we had to bath in cold chilling water. Believe me, the water was as cold as fridge water. Kiran was still sleeping. So i jumped on him and woke him (even a dead body will come alive if jump on it). I then had a cup of coffee and joined pandey, uttam and ananth who were downstairs. Then took my luggage and kept it in the bus as soon as possible. Because i wanted the window seat.:-).
We began our journey from there and were nearing Munnar. There was a power generation plant which was similar to the one i saw in film Swades. Then we reached Munnar. Had our breakfast there. I had AalooParota. We took some snaps there and continued our journey.
No one among us had been to Munnar before. So we decided to hire a a guide. He stopped our bus near a tea estate to take snaps. Few tried to go to tea estate. But The guide promised us to take us to another tea estate and took us to a dam. It was a beautiful place. Speed boating was going on in the reservoir. So my friends decided to join them. I'd promised my dad that i-wouldn't-step-into-water. So i didn't join them and stayed in the bus. Karthik, pandey and Scary also stayed with me in the bus. Karthik purchased some gifts and i purchased carrots. Took couple of snaps holding bunches of carrots. After few minutes friends who had been to boating returned. They saw carrot in my hand. And everyone purchased it. We took funny snaps holding carrot leaves.
From there we went to echopoint. Nothing special in that place. Just we could hear the echo. But we made that place special. We were teasing abdul saying that if we scream his name, we would get x8 echos. I was screaming very loudly. We were screaming yentu, kuruma, kg, and we were getting good echo. Then everyone screamed MLA. Guess wat, the echo sounded M.A.(emme means buffalo in kannada). Some purchased chocolates. Menaka and Abdul gave me chocolates.
We went to another small dam before going to TopStation. As soon as we reached Topstation, i received an sms from vodafone. Saying Welcome-to-vodafone-tamilnadu. Then i asked the guide, he said that TopPoint belonged to Tamilnadu. From Toppoint we had to walk to reach the viewpoint. Guess what? We had to say Rs.15 to go there. Means Rs.15 to walk.:). We had to walk downwards for a kilometer or so. It was a beautiful place there. Nice cool breeze and mountains all around. In fact they were tea estate which belonged to TATA. The worst part began when we started to return. We had to step upwards. I and pandey reached early. Vishwa, kiran, ranjini, jayanti and kusuma were way back. I was sweating badly. It was cloudy. We reached our bus before it started raining. As promised earlier guide took us to a tea estate. Had not been to tea estate before. Took few snaps there. And returned to Munnar town. It was 5pm by then and everyone had their lunch. Ya.. Lunch @ 5:-). Then we left to Thekady. I was sitting next to Maheshwari. Was suprised to see that she had maintained a tour diary. She was noting some things. The road was very bad. But when began our anthakshari and dumbshrards, we didn't realise about bad roads. vinuta didn't join us. So she might be knowing about that bad road. Pooja was always a helpline. She wouldn't join any team. because if there's Lay's wafers pack in her hand she's out of the world.:-) We were tired. So everyone was silent. Kiran couldn't sit quiet so he took an empty bottle and threw on kusuma. And kusuma threw it back on him. And they began playing with empty bottles.:). By the time we reached kumily it was 10.30pm and we were 4km away from Thekady. Many wanted to have non-veg. So we went to a Halalcut non-veg hotel.:) all the items were made of coconut oil. So it was tasting different. Girish&co. stayed on fruits that day. By the time we had our food Girish had booked a lodge nearby. We continued our dumbshrards. And played till 1.30am. (Abdul showing mrugalaya entertained all). Everyone was tired and we decided to call it a day.. So it was end of day3 of our trip. One of the Most beautiful days of my life.
Tuesday, 22 June 2010
Friday, 18 June 2010
Story of My Nickname
We might be having sweet names. But our close friends never call us our names. They call our nicknames. Nicknames make friends closer. There were very funny nicknames in our class. (I named some). Here are a few, yenne, yentu, nugge, kuruma, nursumma, sade, fair&lovely, kg, scary, bulbul, sisya and many more. Behind every nickname there's a funny story.:) I too have a nickname. My nickname is MLA. Ya Member of Legislative Assembly.:) And there's a story behind my name also.
It was our early days in GSSIT. Since i was not a local student i was not feeling comfortable in the class.
A lecturer entered our class...... Actually i'd thought that he was a student. He was short and slim. And was only 4years elder than us. Since he'd a tie around his neck everyone guessed that he was a lecturer and wished him.
He started with his introduction. I don't remember his name. I just remember that he was a Vivekananda college pass-out. Then he asked us to give our introduction. Everyone had to tell their name, their native place and their ambition in future.
What ambition will an engineering student have? Obviously to become an engineer. Was that a question to ask?
He stared with first bench. And the answer everyone gave was, I-want-to-be-an-engineer, I-want-to-join-a-software-company. I wanted to give a different answer. So i started thinking. I had an answer in my mind and was waiting for my chance.
He came to me.
Sir: yes, you?
Me: I'm Vishal from Karwar. My CET rank is 23k.
Sir: yes, what's your ambition?
Me: Sir I want to be a politician.
(He gave me a What-did-i-hear look).
Sir: What?
Me: yes sir. I want to become an MLA. MLA of Karwar.
Sir: Hello man, if you want be become a politician why did you join engineering. Even uneducated become MLA's.
Me: sir, you just imagine our country when all our politicians are graduates. (He shook his head and gave another look. This time it was This-guy-is-crazy-look).
From that day i was MLA. My friends still call me MLA. Even some of our lecturers call me MLA. One of our sir says that, I should be proud of myself. Because without converting an election I became an MLA.
Thats story of my nickname.......
It was our early days in GSSIT. Since i was not a local student i was not feeling comfortable in the class.
A lecturer entered our class...... Actually i'd thought that he was a student. He was short and slim. And was only 4years elder than us. Since he'd a tie around his neck everyone guessed that he was a lecturer and wished him.
He started with his introduction. I don't remember his name. I just remember that he was a Vivekananda college pass-out. Then he asked us to give our introduction. Everyone had to tell their name, their native place and their ambition in future.
What ambition will an engineering student have? Obviously to become an engineer. Was that a question to ask?
He stared with first bench. And the answer everyone gave was, I-want-to-be-an-engineer, I-want-to-join-a-software-company. I wanted to give a different answer. So i started thinking. I had an answer in my mind and was waiting for my chance.
He came to me.
Sir: yes, you?
Me: I'm Vishal from Karwar. My CET rank is 23k.
Sir: yes, what's your ambition?
Me: Sir I want to be a politician.
(He gave me a What-did-i-hear look).
Sir: What?
Me: yes sir. I want to become an MLA. MLA of Karwar.
Sir: Hello man, if you want be become a politician why did you join engineering. Even uneducated become MLA's.
Me: sir, you just imagine our country when all our politicians are graduates. (He shook his head and gave another look. This time it was This-guy-is-crazy-look).
From that day i was MLA. My friends still call me MLA. Even some of our lecturers call me MLA. One of our sir says that, I should be proud of myself. Because without converting an election I became an MLA.
Thats story of my nickname.......
Monday, 26 April 2010
IPL
DLF IPL season 3 is over. Now no more DLF maximums, CITI moment of success, Karbonn Kamaal katches, Vodafone star of the match. It was fun. Apart from cricket, most entertaining was the ZooZoo Ads.. Sometimes i used to watch cricket for ZooZoo ads. What a series it has been for Indian cricket. A great stage for youngsters. Our youngster play against star players before they are qualified for the national team. Our loyalty towards our respective team day by day. No matter how they perform.! Let me tell you'll people. If you want to enjoy IPL the most, you should stay in hostel. You'll enjoy the victory more than the team members. And when lost you'll be disappointed more than the franchise owner.
There're some negatives also in IPL. With the media always calling it has Indian Paisa League. Our very own VijayMallya recently tweeted saying it as Indian Panga League. With all the controversies your watching on tv, there's a big headache in hostels. Betting is a big demon hear. Students are dragged towards betting. Every night the common thing you hear is 'whats today's ratio?'. Another worst thing is ad after every ball. With AksayKumar's laugh for MicroMax mobiles, Only one word for it. 'HORRIBLE'.
Whatever it was i enjoyed this IPL a lot. Waiting for next IPL.
(please help me in writing good blog)
There're some negatives also in IPL. With the media always calling it has Indian Paisa League. Our very own VijayMallya recently tweeted saying it as Indian Panga League. With all the controversies your watching on tv, there's a big headache in hostels. Betting is a big demon hear. Students are dragged towards betting. Every night the common thing you hear is 'whats today's ratio?'. Another worst thing is ad after every ball. With AksayKumar's laugh for MicroMax mobiles, Only one word for it. 'HORRIBLE'.
Whatever it was i enjoyed this IPL a lot. Waiting for next IPL.
(please help me in writing good blog)
Saturday, 3 October 2009
DONATE YOUR EYES.
Need Of Donor Tissue
In India there about 10 million people who are blind (NPCB-WHO). Out of this 80% of the blindness is preventable or curable. There are 2.5 million corneal blinds that require corneal grafting. Some of them are their 1st or 2nd decade of life. These visions can be improved by corneal transplantation. In this operation the damaged opaque corneal is replaced by a healthy one, taken from the eye of a recently deceased person. There is a severe lack of availability of donor eyes in India. That’s why only 6-7 thousand corneal grafting operations are done every year. But unfortunately about fifteen to twenty thousand new victims of corneal blindness are added each year to the already waiting 1 million corneal blinds. There are enough qualifies eye surgeons but the corneal grafting operations cannot be performed because of the donor eyes. This is where eye donation offers hope. One eye donation can give vision to 2 persons
What is Eye Bank
What is an Eye Bank?
It is an organization, which deals with the collection, storage and distribution of donor eyes for the purpose of corneal grafting.
What is Corneal Grafting?
Corneal is the bright transparent bulging watch glass like cover over the iris lens diaphragm. In diseases like Trachoma, corneal ulcers due to herpes fungus & bacteria and in many other diseases aphakic & pseudophakic bullous keratopathy the cornea becomes hazy and opaque thus causing partial or total loss of sight. In corneal grafting these diseases and opaque cornea is replaced by a healthy transparent cornea taken out from a donor eye.
How does the Eye Bank Functions?
The Eye Bank collects the eyes
Of voluntary registered eye donors after their death
Of those deceased persons whose enlightened relatives agree to donate the eyes as a service to the humanity
From hospital deaths
From post mortem eyes, when donated. These eyes are processed in the Eye Bank and are supplied to eye surgeons for corneal grafting and other sight restoring operations.
What is eye donation?
Eye donation means people pledging today, to donate their eyes after death, to be used for corneal grafting operations, which restore the vision to the corneal blind persons. The eyes of the deceased person, who has not pledged his eyes, can be donated by the next of his kins.
What can the Eye Bank do for you?
Noble are those who continue to serve the mankind even after death. Eye Bank offers you a road to immortality and nobility.
What does the religion say in regard to Eye Donation?
All religions preach service to mankind even after death. You can serve your religion through the eye bank
How do you donate your eyes?
You sign and mail the voluntary eye pledge card obtainable from the Eye Banks. You will receive back some instructions and Eye donor pocket card to be carried by you.
How soon must eyes be removed?
Eyes should removed as soon as possible, preferably within 6 to 8 hours of death
How does the Eye Bank collect donated eyes?
The Eye Bank is informed by the next of kin or the family physician immediately after the death of the donor (day or night by telephone). The Eye Bank then takes care of all arrangements without delay.
How long can the eyes be preserved?
Eyes are used within 49-72 hours. However, by special preservation methods, they can be stored up to 2 weeks and ever for a year.
How are these eyes used?
The eyes thus obtained are properly examined and preserved aseptically in the Eye Bank. They are supplied free of charge to eye surgeons for the treatment of their patients.
Is prior examination of donor eyes essential?
No, all donated eyes are utilized by the Eye Bank either for sight restoration (if suitable) or for research to cure blindness.
Does removal of eyes cause disfigurement of the body?
No, Removal of the eyes is done carefully and skillfully without causing any disfigurement of the face.
Can a person with weak eyes sight donate his eyes?
Yes. Weak eyesight has no effect on donor cornea and subsequent corneal grafting operation. Even operated eye with healthy cornea can be used for grafting.
Can the whole eyeball be grafted?
No. It has not yet been successful. Further research in this field is in progress
Are there certain types of eyes, which cannot be used?
All donated eyes are useful. The majority can be used for corneal grafting. But some of eyes from certain diseases are not fit to be used for corneal grafting, however, these are valuable for research purpose to prevent blindness.
How to become an Eye donor
The following are the instructions to enroll as:
Can a person with weak eyes sight donate his eyes?
Fill in the Eye Pledge Form and mail it to the Eye Bank.
Your name will be registered as voluntary eye donor on receipt of your pledge card and you will receive a pocket donor card giving a Donor Number for future correspondence.
Carry your Donor Card in your diary/pocket.
Intimate the Eye Bank about any change in your address.
Call on us for any information regarding Eye Banks.
Convince others to follow your noble deed in this service to mankind “ Your eyes may return two sightless persons to a useful place in society”.
Instruction For Next Or Kin And Family Physician Or Eye Dono
The role of the next of kin and family physician (of voluntary Eye donor) is also of utmost importance. They may act according to the word of the deceased. The guidelines for them are as under:
In case the voluntary eye donor dies, please inform immediately, to the nearest Eye Bank. The eye could be collected by any nearest eye bank irrespective to the place where registration has been done.
The information should be conveyed to the Eye Bank as early as possible preferably within 2-3 hours of the death of the donor.
Please give full co-operation to the personnel who come to remove the eyes.
The doctor will take necessary steps to avoid any disfigurement of the body of the removal of the eyes.
Instructions to donor’s next or kin regarding care of donor eyes
The care of donor’s eyes is very necessary to keep them viable for transplantation. The following precautions may be observed.
Eyelids should be closed immediately after death. These should be taped and any antibiotic drop/ointment may be put if available at home.
Elevate head.
To ensure that the eyes will be received by the Eye Bank in good condition, it is well to keep the body in a cool place esp. in summer months.
Ice packs may be put on the closed eyelids.
Stop the fan
Instruction for recipients of donor eyes
There are number of needy persons requiring corneal grafting. They have to adhere to the following guidelines
Patients will be seen in the corneal clinic to assess the eyes for corneal grafting. The cases where corneal grafting is indicated shall be selected and registered.
For operation they will be informed to wait for hospital call, which will be by queries.
In case there is change of address the patients are requested to inform to Eye Bank with proper reference.
Donor’s name shall not be disclosed to the recipients as it is UNETHICAL, next to kin of donor will also not be told the recipients identity.
No patients can demand for a particular donor corneal to be transplanted in his/her eyes.
The donor’s family after actual donation gets the certificate (appendix XX) of this supreme sacrifice.
Ethical issues” in Eye Bank Organization
The needs for laying down ethics in Eye Bank organization is in view of various reasons
It is a voluntary donation and is free.
The tissue availability is scarce and the demand is enormous.
It involves interaction of Eye Bank/Collection Centers personnel with donor’s (deceased) relations who are always under emotional stress.
Involvement of various voluntary agencies interested in the cause of eye donation.
To safe guard against some minor issues which are unnecessarily given publicity in media and can cause harm to eye donation movement.
Let us consider some of the question/problems before us
Should we remove the eyeball whose cornea is not worth transplanting?
Whether the eye bank should give tissue to recognized Eye Bank or individual ophthalmologists?
Whether an Eye Bank should recognize eye surgeons as well as the institutions where the surgery is to be performed for corneal surgery?
Which types of “Eyes” should not be used for transplantation of cornea?
Should one use cornea of a deceased whose medical history is not know?
Can anyone donate the eyes like kidneys while alive?
Who will enucleate the eyes, Ophthalmologists or general practitioner?
Whether Eye Bank should give priority?
To which type of surgeons
To patients or their scientific indications
To those who collect eyes or mobilize eye donation
To patients recommended by collection centers.
All such issues must come under preview while laying down code of ethics. At Shraddha Eye Bank, we have a general and specific “ Code of Ethics” which are as under. This is in consonance with “Code of Ethics” for International Eye Banking but modified in view of our prevailing conditions.
General Code Of Ethics
Eye Banks shall not compete with one another.
Eyes must be collected once donated irrespective of inconvenience or unsuitability (at first sight).
Eye tissue shall neither be bought nor sold.
Eye tissue is distributed without discrimination based on race, creed or nationality
Eye tissue shall/ be provided only to another eye bank/ qualified ophthalmologist on request.
The wishes of the immediate family shall be respected in carrying out donor’s eye pledge
The name of donor and recipient shall not be disclosed without written consent.
Eye pledges shall be solicited in dignified manner.
Fund raising shall be ethically conducted.
All public information shall be medically approved.
Can anyone donate the eyes like kidneys while alive?
Who will enucleate the eyes, Ophthalmologists or general practitioner?
Whether Eye Bank should give priority?
General Code Of Ethics
Further we have tried to enlarge the scope and explain the specific code ethics at various levels of functionaries of Eye Banking
For Eye Bank
For Surgeons
For Eye collection center
For collection of Eye From unclaimed bodies
For disposal of Eye Balls
Code Of Ethics For Eye Bank
Eye Bank will not enter in rivalry with other Eye Banks.
There should be free exchange of tissue (Eyes) between Eye Banks.
No eye is to be enucleated during life.
Eye tissue shall neither be bought nor sold.
Eye tissue shall be distributed without discrimination based on race, creed, color or nationality.
The identity of the donor is not be disclosed to the recipient.
The identity if the recipient is not disclosed to Donor’s kins. However, the donor’s relatives may be informed of the use of the eyes and the results of the operation.
The donor’s identity is not disclosed. However, all available medical history of the donor is reveled to the surgeon.
Eye Banks shall maintain waiting lists according to priority of needs and maintain proper records of receipt and distribution of eyes.
They shall not use the corneal tissue for corneal grafting which is contraindicated for such use.
The eye tissue shall be distributed only to qualified ophthalmologist on request.
The identity of the donor is not be disclosed to the recipient.
They shall not do commercial publicity. However, publicity for the furtherance of Eye Donation might be undertakes especially by the state controlled medical like television and radio.
Code For Eye Surgeons
They should not buy or sell the donor cornea.
They should be competent to perform corneal surgery
They should get the cornea from recognized Eye Banks.
The surgeon shall not divulge the donor’s identity to the recipient.
Should possess all possible medical details of donor as well as details about cornea.
Codes For Eye Collection Centres
They will be polite, courteous and sympathetic with donor’s relatives/Kins The enucleation is done in a schedule place.
A medical practitioner trained in enucleation of cadaver eye or ophthalmologist should remove the eye.
They have to be respectful to the body of the deceased (cadaver).
External mutilation of the body must be avoided.
The enucleation should be done aseptically and all steps should be taken properly like stitching of conjunctiva to stop blood oozing.
Artificial Eye may be fitted and the relatives be told of it.
Legal Aspects
The transplantation of human organs bill, 1994 was presented in parliament in 1992 and passed as Act no. 42 of 1994 as the transplantation of human organs Act 1994 ad amended in 1995.This provides for the regulation of removal, storage and transplantation of human organs for therapeutic purpose and for the prevention of commercial dealings in human organs. All the Eye Banking and collection of eyes has to be done as per this act.
Collection Of Eyes
When the “donor call” comes; be sure to get as much data as possible from the caller, such as donor’s name, age diagnosis, time of death and the caller’s knowledge about possible cause of death in the Donor Call-Initial Information. Qualified Doctors with one assistant and driver will reach site at the earliest possible for enucleation procedure
Processing Of Donor Eyes And Storage In Eye Bank
Eyes are received from donors in wide mouthed eye collection bottles containing eye stands to hold eyes. Moist cotton is placed at the bottom of the eye collection bottle. After eye collection Microbiological Investigation & Preservation of Cornea is done in the eye bank.
Evalutation Of Donor Tissue And Its Distribution
The acceptability of all corneas and/or eyes received is subject to several criteria and evaluation is noted in the Cornea Evaluation Form. The eyes/corneal buttons when ready after processing will be distributed to the other eye Banks/ Corneal surgeons. The proper records of receipts and disimbursement of the donor eye is ensured. The proper indenting requests and issuing of the eye is done and the utilization of the eyes properly is ensure, in compliance to the Ethical codes of the eye bank
from www.nethradhama.org
Need Of Donor Tissue
In India there about 10 million people who are blind (NPCB-WHO). Out of this 80% of the blindness is preventable or curable. There are 2.5 million corneal blinds that require corneal grafting. Some of them are their 1st or 2nd decade of life. These visions can be improved by corneal transplantation. In this operation the damaged opaque corneal is replaced by a healthy one, taken from the eye of a recently deceased person. There is a severe lack of availability of donor eyes in India. That’s why only 6-7 thousand corneal grafting operations are done every year. But unfortunately about fifteen to twenty thousand new victims of corneal blindness are added each year to the already waiting 1 million corneal blinds. There are enough qualifies eye surgeons but the corneal grafting operations cannot be performed because of the donor eyes. This is where eye donation offers hope. One eye donation can give vision to 2 persons
What is Eye Bank
What is an Eye Bank?
It is an organization, which deals with the collection, storage and distribution of donor eyes for the purpose of corneal grafting.
What is Corneal Grafting?
Corneal is the bright transparent bulging watch glass like cover over the iris lens diaphragm. In diseases like Trachoma, corneal ulcers due to herpes fungus & bacteria and in many other diseases aphakic & pseudophakic bullous keratopathy the cornea becomes hazy and opaque thus causing partial or total loss of sight. In corneal grafting these diseases and opaque cornea is replaced by a healthy transparent cornea taken out from a donor eye.
How does the Eye Bank Functions?
The Eye Bank collects the eyes
Of voluntary registered eye donors after their death
Of those deceased persons whose enlightened relatives agree to donate the eyes as a service to the humanity
From hospital deaths
From post mortem eyes, when donated. These eyes are processed in the Eye Bank and are supplied to eye surgeons for corneal grafting and other sight restoring operations.
What is eye donation?
Eye donation means people pledging today, to donate their eyes after death, to be used for corneal grafting operations, which restore the vision to the corneal blind persons. The eyes of the deceased person, who has not pledged his eyes, can be donated by the next of his kins.
What can the Eye Bank do for you?
Noble are those who continue to serve the mankind even after death. Eye Bank offers you a road to immortality and nobility.
What does the religion say in regard to Eye Donation?
All religions preach service to mankind even after death. You can serve your religion through the eye bank
How do you donate your eyes?
You sign and mail the voluntary eye pledge card obtainable from the Eye Banks. You will receive back some instructions and Eye donor pocket card to be carried by you.
How soon must eyes be removed?
Eyes should removed as soon as possible, preferably within 6 to 8 hours of death
How does the Eye Bank collect donated eyes?
The Eye Bank is informed by the next of kin or the family physician immediately after the death of the donor (day or night by telephone). The Eye Bank then takes care of all arrangements without delay.
How long can the eyes be preserved?
Eyes are used within 49-72 hours. However, by special preservation methods, they can be stored up to 2 weeks and ever for a year.
How are these eyes used?
The eyes thus obtained are properly examined and preserved aseptically in the Eye Bank. They are supplied free of charge to eye surgeons for the treatment of their patients.
Is prior examination of donor eyes essential?
No, all donated eyes are utilized by the Eye Bank either for sight restoration (if suitable) or for research to cure blindness.
Does removal of eyes cause disfigurement of the body?
No, Removal of the eyes is done carefully and skillfully without causing any disfigurement of the face.
Can a person with weak eyes sight donate his eyes?
Yes. Weak eyesight has no effect on donor cornea and subsequent corneal grafting operation. Even operated eye with healthy cornea can be used for grafting.
Can the whole eyeball be grafted?
No. It has not yet been successful. Further research in this field is in progress
Are there certain types of eyes, which cannot be used?
All donated eyes are useful. The majority can be used for corneal grafting. But some of eyes from certain diseases are not fit to be used for corneal grafting, however, these are valuable for research purpose to prevent blindness.
How to become an Eye donor
The following are the instructions to enroll as:
Can a person with weak eyes sight donate his eyes?
Fill in the Eye Pledge Form and mail it to the Eye Bank.
Your name will be registered as voluntary eye donor on receipt of your pledge card and you will receive a pocket donor card giving a Donor Number for future correspondence.
Carry your Donor Card in your diary/pocket.
Intimate the Eye Bank about any change in your address.
Call on us for any information regarding Eye Banks.
Convince others to follow your noble deed in this service to mankind “ Your eyes may return two sightless persons to a useful place in society”.
Instruction For Next Or Kin And Family Physician Or Eye Dono
The role of the next of kin and family physician (of voluntary Eye donor) is also of utmost importance. They may act according to the word of the deceased. The guidelines for them are as under:
In case the voluntary eye donor dies, please inform immediately, to the nearest Eye Bank. The eye could be collected by any nearest eye bank irrespective to the place where registration has been done.
The information should be conveyed to the Eye Bank as early as possible preferably within 2-3 hours of the death of the donor.
Please give full co-operation to the personnel who come to remove the eyes.
The doctor will take necessary steps to avoid any disfigurement of the body of the removal of the eyes.
Instructions to donor’s next or kin regarding care of donor eyes
The care of donor’s eyes is very necessary to keep them viable for transplantation. The following precautions may be observed.
Eyelids should be closed immediately after death. These should be taped and any antibiotic drop/ointment may be put if available at home.
Elevate head.
To ensure that the eyes will be received by the Eye Bank in good condition, it is well to keep the body in a cool place esp. in summer months.
Ice packs may be put on the closed eyelids.
Stop the fan
Instruction for recipients of donor eyes
There are number of needy persons requiring corneal grafting. They have to adhere to the following guidelines
Patients will be seen in the corneal clinic to assess the eyes for corneal grafting. The cases where corneal grafting is indicated shall be selected and registered.
For operation they will be informed to wait for hospital call, which will be by queries.
In case there is change of address the patients are requested to inform to Eye Bank with proper reference.
Donor’s name shall not be disclosed to the recipients as it is UNETHICAL, next to kin of donor will also not be told the recipients identity.
No patients can demand for a particular donor corneal to be transplanted in his/her eyes.
The donor’s family after actual donation gets the certificate (appendix XX) of this supreme sacrifice.
Ethical issues” in Eye Bank Organization
The needs for laying down ethics in Eye Bank organization is in view of various reasons
It is a voluntary donation and is free.
The tissue availability is scarce and the demand is enormous.
It involves interaction of Eye Bank/Collection Centers personnel with donor’s (deceased) relations who are always under emotional stress.
Involvement of various voluntary agencies interested in the cause of eye donation.
To safe guard against some minor issues which are unnecessarily given publicity in media and can cause harm to eye donation movement.
Let us consider some of the question/problems before us
Should we remove the eyeball whose cornea is not worth transplanting?
Whether the eye bank should give tissue to recognized Eye Bank or individual ophthalmologists?
Whether an Eye Bank should recognize eye surgeons as well as the institutions where the surgery is to be performed for corneal surgery?
Which types of “Eyes” should not be used for transplantation of cornea?
Should one use cornea of a deceased whose medical history is not know?
Can anyone donate the eyes like kidneys while alive?
Who will enucleate the eyes, Ophthalmologists or general practitioner?
Whether Eye Bank should give priority?
To which type of surgeons
To patients or their scientific indications
To those who collect eyes or mobilize eye donation
To patients recommended by collection centers.
All such issues must come under preview while laying down code of ethics. At Shraddha Eye Bank, we have a general and specific “ Code of Ethics” which are as under. This is in consonance with “Code of Ethics” for International Eye Banking but modified in view of our prevailing conditions.
General Code Of Ethics
Eye Banks shall not compete with one another.
Eyes must be collected once donated irrespective of inconvenience or unsuitability (at first sight).
Eye tissue shall neither be bought nor sold.
Eye tissue is distributed without discrimination based on race, creed or nationality
Eye tissue shall/ be provided only to another eye bank/ qualified ophthalmologist on request.
The wishes of the immediate family shall be respected in carrying out donor’s eye pledge
The name of donor and recipient shall not be disclosed without written consent.
Eye pledges shall be solicited in dignified manner.
Fund raising shall be ethically conducted.
All public information shall be medically approved.
Can anyone donate the eyes like kidneys while alive?
Who will enucleate the eyes, Ophthalmologists or general practitioner?
Whether Eye Bank should give priority?
General Code Of Ethics
Further we have tried to enlarge the scope and explain the specific code ethics at various levels of functionaries of Eye Banking
For Eye Bank
For Surgeons
For Eye collection center
For collection of Eye From unclaimed bodies
For disposal of Eye Balls
Code Of Ethics For Eye Bank
Eye Bank will not enter in rivalry with other Eye Banks.
There should be free exchange of tissue (Eyes) between Eye Banks.
No eye is to be enucleated during life.
Eye tissue shall neither be bought nor sold.
Eye tissue shall be distributed without discrimination based on race, creed, color or nationality.
The identity of the donor is not be disclosed to the recipient.
The identity if the recipient is not disclosed to Donor’s kins. However, the donor’s relatives may be informed of the use of the eyes and the results of the operation.
The donor’s identity is not disclosed. However, all available medical history of the donor is reveled to the surgeon.
Eye Banks shall maintain waiting lists according to priority of needs and maintain proper records of receipt and distribution of eyes.
They shall not use the corneal tissue for corneal grafting which is contraindicated for such use.
The eye tissue shall be distributed only to qualified ophthalmologist on request.
The identity of the donor is not be disclosed to the recipient.
They shall not do commercial publicity. However, publicity for the furtherance of Eye Donation might be undertakes especially by the state controlled medical like television and radio.
Code For Eye Surgeons
They should not buy or sell the donor cornea.
They should be competent to perform corneal surgery
They should get the cornea from recognized Eye Banks.
The surgeon shall not divulge the donor’s identity to the recipient.
Should possess all possible medical details of donor as well as details about cornea.
Codes For Eye Collection Centres
They will be polite, courteous and sympathetic with donor’s relatives/Kins The enucleation is done in a schedule place.
A medical practitioner trained in enucleation of cadaver eye or ophthalmologist should remove the eye.
They have to be respectful to the body of the deceased (cadaver).
External mutilation of the body must be avoided.
The enucleation should be done aseptically and all steps should be taken properly like stitching of conjunctiva to stop blood oozing.
Artificial Eye may be fitted and the relatives be told of it.
Legal Aspects
The transplantation of human organs bill, 1994 was presented in parliament in 1992 and passed as Act no. 42 of 1994 as the transplantation of human organs Act 1994 ad amended in 1995.This provides for the regulation of removal, storage and transplantation of human organs for therapeutic purpose and for the prevention of commercial dealings in human organs. All the Eye Banking and collection of eyes has to be done as per this act.
Collection Of Eyes
When the “donor call” comes; be sure to get as much data as possible from the caller, such as donor’s name, age diagnosis, time of death and the caller’s knowledge about possible cause of death in the Donor Call-Initial Information. Qualified Doctors with one assistant and driver will reach site at the earliest possible for enucleation procedure
Processing Of Donor Eyes And Storage In Eye Bank
Eyes are received from donors in wide mouthed eye collection bottles containing eye stands to hold eyes. Moist cotton is placed at the bottom of the eye collection bottle. After eye collection Microbiological Investigation & Preservation of Cornea is done in the eye bank.
Evalutation Of Donor Tissue And Its Distribution
The acceptability of all corneas and/or eyes received is subject to several criteria and evaluation is noted in the Cornea Evaluation Form. The eyes/corneal buttons when ready after processing will be distributed to the other eye Banks/ Corneal surgeons. The proper records of receipts and disimbursement of the donor eye is ensured. The proper indenting requests and issuing of the eye is done and the utilization of the eyes properly is ensure, in compliance to the Ethical codes of the eye bank
from www.nethradhama.org
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